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  • ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจ/ืชื˜ืœื™ ื‘ืจ

ืขื™ื™ืคื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ? ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืขื•ื“ืฃ ืœื™ื—ื”? ื™ืฉ ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช!

ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ: 11 ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2019


ื˜ืœื™ ื‘ืจ | ื“ื™ืงื•ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืคื” | ืœื™ื—ื” ื‘ืจืคื•ืื” ืกื™ื ื™ืช
ื˜ืœื™ ื‘ืจ | ื“ื™ืงื•ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืคื” | ืœื™ื—ื” ื‘ืจืคื•ืื” ืกื™ื ื™ืช

ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืืชื ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืคืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘. ืžืคืขืœ ืฉืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ - ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืฆ'ื™. ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉื”ืžืคืขืœ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื ื•. ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืื•ืชื ื•, ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื ื˜ืืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื. ืœื—ื™ื™ื. ืชื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืžืคืขืœ ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ - ื›ืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื’ื•ืฃ. ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื™ ื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืกืคื™ืง ื•ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืฆ'ื™, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื, ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœื•, ื”ื•ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื”, ืื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื•ืฉืจ.

ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืฉื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”, ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™. ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืคืขืœ, ื’ื ืœืžืคืขืœ ื”ืฆ'ื™, ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื (ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื), ื•ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืžืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ื—ืจื•ืฆื™ื. ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืชื—ืช ื”ื ื”ืœืชื• ืฉืœ... ื”ื‘ื•ืก ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื”ืžื•ื— (ืชื•ื“ืขื”, ืจืฆื•ืŸ... "ืื ื™"... ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื•ืจื ืœื• ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื). ื”ื‘ื•ืก ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื™ืœื• ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื’ืœื ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœืžืขืจื›ืช, ื•ืžื” ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื. ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื”ืžืคืขืœ ืฉืœื ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“, ื”ื•ื ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ืจืงื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืชื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ืš.

ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื, ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชืคื•ืงื” ืฉืœื”ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช. ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืืžืฅ ืฉืœื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืชื—ืช ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื’ืœื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ืชื ืื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื•ื—ื–ืงื™ื, ืชืคื•ืงืช ื”ืžืคืขืœ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ืช. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื•ื— ื•ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ. ืื‘ืœ... ื›ืฉืชืคื•ืงืช ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื ืžื•ื›ื”, ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ืฆ'ื™ ื•ืœืžืคืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœืฉืืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ืกืจ.

ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืžืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฆ'ื™. ื‘ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืœื—ื•ืช, ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืžืคืขืœ ืขื™ื™ืคื™ื ื•ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™, ืืœื, ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืžืคืขืœ ืžื•ืฆืฃ. ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืžืชืืžืฆื™ื ื•ืžืชืืžืฆื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืชื‘ืฉ, ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื ืžืขื•ื›ืœ, ื ืฉืืจื•ืช ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžืคืขืœ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืœื•ื›ืœืš ื•ืžื‘ื•ืœื’ืŸ.

ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืืงืœื™ื ื™ื‘ืฉ ื•ื ืงื™ ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืชื—ืช ื”ืฆืคื”, ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื”. ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ื•ืœื” ืžืชืงืฉื”, ืžื•ืขืžืกืช. ืงืฉื” ืœื ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช.

ืžืื•ื“ ื ืคื•ืฅ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืงืœื™ื ื™ืงื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืขื•ื“ืฃ ืœื—ื•ืช.

ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื•ืจื’ืฉื™ื™ื. ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืœื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช (ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื—ื•ืช) ืงืฉื” ืœืคืขืžื™ืย ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื›ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืœื—ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื•.

ืื™ืš ื ื“ืข ืฉืื ื• ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืขื•ื“ืฃ ืœื—ื•ืช?

ื‘ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืœื™ื—ื” ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื›ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช, ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช, ื—ื•ืกืจ ื›ื•ื— ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.ย  ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืชืงื•ืข ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ - ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื”ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืฆื”, ื‘ืชื•ืš ืืงืœื™ื ื“ื‘ื™ืง. ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืœื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื—ืจื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื™ืกื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืืงืœื™ื ืœื— (ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜, ืื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืžืขื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“), ืื• ืื—ืจื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืžื ื™ื™ื.

ื‘ืจืคื•ืื” ืกื™ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื—ื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื "ื’ื•ืจื ืคืชื•ื’ื ื™" - ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื’ื•ืจื ืžืคืจื™ืข, ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื. ืœื—ื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื’ื•ืจื ืคืชื•ื’ื ื™ ื™ื™ื ื™, ืฉืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื™ืื ื’.

ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื—ื•ืช ย ื™ื”ื™ื•:

ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช, ื”ืœื—ื•ืช ืžื›ื‘ื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื”ื ืคืฉ. ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” (ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“) ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื™ื–ื™ ื›ืžืฉืงืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ืขื•ื“ืฃ (ื”ืฉืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ).ย 

ื”ืœื—ื•ืช ืžืื™ื˜ื” ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื.

ืœื—ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื’ื ืœืชืงื•ืข ืืช ื”ืฆ'ื™ ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื™ืžื•ืœื™ื, ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉื”, ื•ืืฃ ืœื›ืื‘. ย 

ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืœื—ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื”, ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื”. ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ: ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื’ื ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช, ื‘ืžืขื™ ื•ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื. ืชื—ืช ื”ืขื•ืžืก ืฉืœ ื”ืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืืœื• ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืจื”, ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืžืฉืชื‘ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ืžืชื›ื”ื”.

ืœื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ื™ืงื” ื•ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ืช, ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืคื˜ืจ ืžืžื ื”. ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื›ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ื™ืงื•ืช ื•\ืื• ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ื•ืช.

ืื™ืš ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืœื—ื•ืช ืคืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ?

ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืœื—ื•ืช, ื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื•: ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื•ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช, ืืฆืœ ื—ืœืง ืชื”ื™ื” ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชืื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืฆืžื, ืืฆืœ ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืฉืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ. ื”ืฆื•ืื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืจื›ื” ื•ื—ืกืจืช ืฆื•ืจื”.

ืœื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ื—ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืœื”:

ืจืืฉย - ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื›ืื‘ื™ ืจืืฉ ืœื ืžืžื•ืงื“ื™ื, ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืจืคื•ืœ ื•ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช. ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘. ืกื™ื ื•ืกื™ื˜ื™ืก ืžืขืจื‘ ืœื™ื—ื” (ืฉื”ืชื—ืžืžื”) ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืฆืงื•ืช ื•ื ืคื™ื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื.

ืžืคืจืงื™ืย - ื›ืื‘ื™ ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืœื— ื•ื—ื, ื™ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืื‘ ืžืคื•ืฉื˜ ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื ืคื™ื—ื•ืช. ื ื™ืžื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื•ื™ื›ื™ื ื’ื ื”ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื“ืฃ ืœื—ื•ืช.

ืจื™ืื•ืชย -ย  ืœื™ื—ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื ื–ืœืช ืฉืœื ื ื’ืžืจืช. ืžื•ืคืขื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืกื˜ืžื” ื•ืงืฉื™ ื ืฉื™ืžื”.

ืขื•ืจย - ืคืฆืขื™ื ืžื•ื’ืœืชื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืžื ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื’ืจื“.

ื’ื ื™ืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” - ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื’ื™ื ืœื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœืคื™ื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ืœืงื•ืช, ื—ืœืง ืžื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื.ย 

ืžืขื™ย - ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืœื—ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉืœืฉื•ืœ, ืื• ื™ืฆื™ืื” ื“ื‘ื™ืงื” ื•ื—ืกืจืช ืฆื•ืจื”, ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ืคืš, ืœืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช. ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ืชื’ืจื•ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื“ืฃ ืœื—ื•ืช.

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื ื˜ืืœื™ืชย - ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ื–, ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช, ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืขืจืคื•ืœ, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ืงืœ.

ืื– ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช?

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืขื•ื“ืฃ ืœื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื—ืœืฉื” ื•ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืœื ืžืื•ื–ื ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื™ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืœื—ื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง. ื›ื›ื•ืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืจืš ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืžืจ ืืช ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืืžืฅ ืœืกืœืง ืœื—ื•ืช.

ืชื–ื•ื ื”

ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืœื™ื—ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ (ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืจืง), ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืื ืžืฉื ื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื”.

ืื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ?

ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื—ืœืฉื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชืช ืœื” ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื™ื ืœืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืžืขืžื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืชืช ืœื” ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืจืื•ื™.

ืืคืฉืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ื–ืžืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืฉืงื˜ ืœืืจื•ื—ื•ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืืจื•ื—ื” ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืจืื•ื™, ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ (ืœืžื™ ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžื’ื–ื™ื โ€“ ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“). ืœื›ืŸ: ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืคื™ืชื” ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” (ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืคื™ืชื” ืขื ื˜ื—ื™ื ื”, ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื˜ืคื˜ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœืฆื”), ืœื ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”.

ืฆืจื›ื• ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืžื‘ื•ืฉืœ, ื•ื ืกื• ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืžืžื–ื•ืŸ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืžื•ืœื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืฉืžืจื™ื, ืฆื‘ืขื™ ืžืื›ืœ ื•ื”ืฉื“ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื”.

ืžื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ, ื•ืžื” ืœื ืœืื›ื•ืœ?

ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ื ืงืจืื™ื "Nei Jing" ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืžื ื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื—ืœื”". ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช "ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื" , ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืœื—ื•ืช. ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช "ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื" ื”ื ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืข ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืžื”ื. ื›ืžื” ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”: ื‘ืฉืจ, ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื”ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื, ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ืžื ื™ื™ื, ื•ืžืชื•ืงื™ื ืžืื•ื“.

ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฆืจื•ืš ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื–ืช.

ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืขื•ื“ืฃ ืœื™ื—ื” ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฆื” ื’ื, ืœืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืžืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืœื—ื•ืช. ืžื–ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื•:

ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘: ื—ืœื‘, ื’ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื—ืžืื”, (ื’ืœื™ื“ื”), ื™ื•ื’ื•ืจื˜. ืื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื, ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืจื•ืš ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื ืช ืขื™ื–ื™ื, ืื• ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ื’ื•ืจื˜.

ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืžื˜ื•ื’ื ื™ื ืœืžื™ื ื™ื”ื

ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืœืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื•

ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืœืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืงืžื— ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื•. (ืื•ืจื–, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืœื™ื—ื” ืžื—ื™ื˜ื”)

ืœื”ืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืžื™ืฆื™ื ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืคื•ื–, ื‘ื ื ื”, ืขื’ื‘ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžื ื’ื•

ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ.

ื™ืฆื™ืื•ืชย -

ืืœืžื ื˜ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืข ื•ืžื•ืฉืคืข ืžืœื™ื—ื” ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื•ืช - ื ื•ืฉื ืขื•ื“ ืคื—ื•ืช ื ื•ืฆืฅ ืžื”ืชื–ื•ื ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช.ย ืœืจื•ื‘ ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืœื—ื•ืช ื’ื•ืจื ืœืฉืœืฉื•ืœ ืื‘ืœ ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืขื•ื“ืฃ ื”ืœื—ื•ืช ืชื•ืงืข ื•ืžื›ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ื™ื’ืจื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื ืชืงืขืช, ื•ื”ืœื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื”. ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืขื•ื“ืฃ ืœื—ื•ืช.

ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืขืžืง, ืฉืžื ื• ืœื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ื”ื“ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืช. ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืจ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ืขื•ื“ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื (ืฉืœื ื ืจืื• ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ).

ืื™ ืœื›ืš, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช, ืžืžืœื™ืฆื” ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืงื˜ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื’ื ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” (ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ) ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื. ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืชืคืจื™ื˜ ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื™ืจืงื•ืช, ืกืœืง, ื–ืจืขื™ ืคืฉืชืŸ, ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช (ืขืœ ืงื™ื‘ื” ืจื™ืงื”), ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืžื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื”.

*ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืื• ืงืฉื” ืžืžืœื™ืฆื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื (ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื’ื ื“ื™ืงื•ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“).

ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช - ืชื ื•ืขื”

ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื™ื ืืœืžื ื˜ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ. ื–ื• ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืขืฆืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืœื—ื•ืช. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืžืฆื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ื”ื ืื”, ื•ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื” ืœืœื•ื– ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™. ืื ืื™ืŸ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ื–ื•, ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื” 40 ื“ืงื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื™ืฉืคืจื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื•ื— ื•ืจืžืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื’ื ื™ืงืœื• ืขืœ ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.

ื’ื•ืฃ-ื ืคืฉ

ืจืคื•ืื” ืกื™ื ื™ืช ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืœื ืคืฉ, ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ื ื’ื ื”ืœืš ืจื•ื— ืžื ื˜ืืœื™. ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื™ืฉืชื ื” ืžืื“ื ืœืื“ื, ื•ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืื‘ื—ื ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช, ืื•ืœื, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจืคื•ืื” ืกื™ื ื™ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ืœื ื™ืขื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ. ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื ื˜ืืœื™: ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื, ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื ืœืžื“. ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื—ืœืงื™, ื•ื ืฉืืจื•ืช ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช.

ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช??ย ืื•ืœื™ ืฉื ืฉืืจื™ื ืœื ื• ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ืจื’ืฉื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืขื‘ืจ. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืฉืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœืขื›ืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืฃ, ื•ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื•ืชื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืื•ืชื ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื ืชืงืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘. ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืงืฆืช ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืœื ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.

ืœืœื—ื•ืช ื’ื ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ, ื‘ืกื›ื™ื–ื•ืคืจื ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืคืกื™ื›ื•-ืžื ื˜ืืœื™ื. ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืืจื—ื™ื‘ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืคื•ืกื˜ ื ืคืจื“.

ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืจย ื•ืฆืžื—ื™ ืžืจืคื

ืจืคื•ืื” ืกื™ื ื™ืช, ื•ื“ื™ืงื•ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื‘ืคืจื˜, ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืชืฉืื•ืœ ื•ืขืœ ืื‘ื—ื ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช. ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœื•, ื•ืืช ืžืขืจืš ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื•. ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื ืงืจื ื’ื•ืฃ-ื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื“. ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืจื™ื ื•ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืจื™ืขื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื™ื ื•. ืื™ืคื” ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ื•ื ื” ื•ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื ืชืง. ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืื•ืคืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืฆืœื™ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ืžืชื™ ืœื.

ื”ื“ื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ืกื™ื ื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ ืœื’ื•ืฃ.

ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืœื—ื•ืช, ืžื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืจ ื•ืฆืžื—ื™ ืžืจืคื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ืจื– ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื”ืœื—ื•ืช.

ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื ืื• ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœื™ย ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ย ืื• ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื›ืืŸ

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